Diabetes mellitus is a chronic endocrine disorder that affects about one in every 300 pets. Similar to diabetes in humans, diabetes in pets disables the body’s ability to control or regulate blood sugar levels effectively. Because diabetes is common, knowing how to recognize its signs is imperative for pet owners. Our Southern Arizona Veterinary Specialty & Emergency Center team explores the causes, diagnosis, and management of the condition.

Diabetes mellitus causes in pets

Diabetes mellitus in cats and dogs typically results from either insufficient insulin production or ineffective utilization of insulin. In dogs, diabetes is often associated with genetics, obesity, hormonal imbalances, and certain medications, while in cats, it’s frequently linked to obesity and other metabolic factors. Most cases occur in adult to senior pets, and some breeds are more predisposed than others to develop the disorder. Among dogs, small breeds, such as miniature poodles, dachshunds, schnauzers, Cairn terriers, and beagles are prone to developing diabetes. Cat breeds susceptible to diabetes include Burmese, Russian blue, Norwegian Forest, and Abyssinian. Among dogs, females are twice as likely as males to develop the condition. 

Diabetes mellitus signs in pets

Recognizing the signs of diabetes is crucial for early detection and management. Common signs include:

  • Increased thirst and urination
  • Weight loss despite a normal or increased appetite
  • Lethargy
  • Cloudy eyes or cataracts
  • Recurrent infections
  • Ketoacidosis

Diagnosing diabetes mellitus in pets

If your pet is showing signs of diabetes, our veterinarian will conduct various tests to confirm the diagnosis. This may include blood tests to measure glucose levels, urine tests to detect glucose and ketones, and other diagnostic tests to rule out underlying conditions that mimic diabetes. 

Diabetes mellitus treatment for pets

Treating diabetes typically involves a combination of lifestyle changes, medication, and close monitoring. Our team may use the following treatment forms:

  • Insulin therapy — Most diabetic cats and dogs require insulin injections to control their blood sugar levels. The type of insulin and the dosage will be determined by our veterinary team based on your pet’s needs. Insulin is usually administered one to two times daily, and our team will show you how to properly inject it at home.
  • Dietary management — A consistent and balanced diet is crucial for diabetic pets. Our team may recommend a special diabetic pet food or a diet low in carbohydrates and high in fiber. Feeding your four-legged friend at consistent times each day can help regulate their blood sugar level.
  • Daily exercise — Daily exercise is not only important for managing diabetes in pets, but it also helps with maintaining a consistent routine to avoid fluctuations in their blood sugar level. Our veterinarian will recommend an appropriate exercise regimen based on your pet’s health condition, breed, weight, and energy level.
  • Regular blood sugar monitoring — Monitoring your pet’s blood sugar level is necessary to manage their diabetes. Our team will teach you how to measure their blood glucose using a glucometer. Regular veterinary exams are also necessary to assess your pet’s overall health, monitor their blood sugar, and adjust treatment if needed.
  • Weight management — Many diabetic pets are overweight, which can contribute to a downward spiral in their health. Our veterinarian can recommend a weight management plan tailored to your pet’s needs, which may include dietary changes, portion control, and low-impact exercise.
  • Medication adjustments — Over time, your pet’s insulin needs may change, so it’s important to work closely with us to monitor their condition and adjust medication dosage accordingly.
  • Managing complications — Diabetes can lead to complications such as cataracts, urinary tract infections, and neuropathy. Regular veterinary care can help detect and manage these complications early on. 
  • Hospitalization — When diabetes is unregulated, we often need to hospitalize your pet and provide intravenous fluids and other medications to help regulate their body’s glucose.

Diabetic ketoacidosis in pets

Diabetic ketoacidosis is a serious medical emergency that occurs when the body’s blood glucose level becomes dangerously high. Signs include lethargy, weakness, vomiting, increased respiratory rate, inappetence, and increased thirst and urination. Affected pets must be treated as soon as possible to reduce long-term damage to their internal organs. Hospitalization and aggressive treatment are necessary to improve your pet’s prognosis.

If your pet is diagnosed with diabetes, managing their condition can be challenging. However, with information and support from our Southern Arizona Veterinary Specialty & Emergency Center team, you can provide the best care for your four-legged companion. Don’t hesitate to contact us if you have questions or concerns about your pet.